The term “hutong”(胡同) in Beijing dialect means “alley,” referring to the city’s distinctive ancient streets, steeped in history and local character.
Hutongs are symbolic of Beijing’s traditional way of life, many of them with histories spanning centuries. Walking through a hutong feels like stepping back in time, immersing you in the heartbeat of old Beijing. Once home to royalty, aristocrats, merchants, and commoners, these alleys hold countless historical stories. The architecture, courtyard homes (siheyuan 四合院), and alley layouts offer glimpses into life during the Ming, Qing, and Republic eras.
By 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded, Beijing had over 6,000 hutongs. Urban development has since reduced their number to around 1,000 today.
Why Are They Called “Hutongs”?
The term “hutong” refers to small alleys, akin to “longtangs”(弄) in Shanghai. Officially standardized during the Ming Dynasty, some believe the word originates from the Mongolian term for “well” or “town.” In ancient times, communities often formed around wells, reflecting the deep connection between hutongs and their historical origins.
Famous Hutongs in Beijing
Dongjiaomin Lane(东交民巷)
The longest hutong in old Beijing, Dongjiaomin Lane was once a diplomatic district, hosting embassies, churches, banks, and residences. Today, the preserved buildings, including the French Embassy, Italian Embassy, and International Club, showcase the eclectic Western architectural styles of the early 20th century, making it a culturally significant site.
Nanluoguxiang(南锣鼓巷)
Stretching 800 meters from Gulou East Street to Di’anmen East Street, Nanluoguxiang dates back to the Yuan Dynasty (1267). It is the only area in China that fully retains the Yuan-era hutong courtyard layout and remains the largest and most well-preserved traditional residential block. This vibrant and fashionable hutong is a hub for famous Beijing delicacies like Peking duck and fried noodles, making it a haven for both foodies and history enthusiasts.
Yandai Xiejie(烟袋斜街)
Yandai Xiejie, or “Pipe Tobacco Alley,” gets its name from its pipe-like shape. Once a center for smoking equipment shops in the late Qing and early Republic eras, it now features antique stores and retains its historical charm.
Guozijian Street(国子监街)
Formerly known as Chengxian Street(成贤街), Guozijian Street is home to cultural landmarks like the Imperial College(国子监) and the Confucius Temple(孔庙). It is Beijing’s only street featuring multiple traditional archways, offering a rich cultural experience.
Mao’er Hutong(帽儿胡同)
This hutong once housed hat-making workshops during the Qing Dynasty, earning its name. It was also the site of the renowned private garden Ke Garden(可园) and the former residence of notable figures such as Empress Wanrong(婉容) and warlord Feng Guozhang(冯国璋).
Shijia Hutong(史家胡同)
Shijia Hutong is just a kilometer away from the Forbidden City and Chang’an Avenue. Known for its luxurious residences, it once had over 80 courtyards that hosted influential figures such as generals and political leaders.
Zhuanta Hutong(砖塔胡同)
Zhuanta Hutong, or “Brick Tower Alley,” is among the oldest hutongs in Beijing, with a 700-year-old brick pagoda, the Wansong Pagoda(万松老人塔), as its centerpiece. Historically a hub for opera performances, it also hosted prominent figures like Lu Xun(鲁迅) and Liu Shaoqi(刘少奇).
Conclusion
Unlike major attractions like the Forbidden City or Tiananmen Square, hutongs offer a quieter, more intimate look at Beijing. These alleys are ideal for slow travelers and city walkers, providing a unique way to explore the city’s hidden stories and authentic charm.